Anzeige:
Ergebnis 1 bis 3 von 3

Thema: Zufällige Anordnung von Kreisen in Tikz

  1. #1
    Registrierter Benutzer
    Registriert seit
    12.11.2008
    Beiträge
    219

    Zufällige Anordnung von Kreisen in Tikz

    Hallo,

    ich suche ein Möglichkeit, wie ich eine vorgegebenen Anzahl von Kreisen in einem Viereck zufällig verteilen kann. Dabei soll es möglich sein einen Mindestabstand einzustellen, damit es nicht zu Überlappungen kommt. Ich habe das Paket poisson gefunden, das ziemlich genau das macht, was ich möchte. Leider verstehe ich noch nicht, wie ich da die Anzahl an Kreisen vorgeben kann.

    Ich wäre über Verbesserungen oder auch Tipps zu anderen Ansätzen Dankbar.

    Minimalbeispiel

    Code:
    \documentclass[12pt,listof=totoc,bibliography=totoc,pointlessnumbers]{scrartcl}
    \usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
    \usepackage[obeyspaces]{url}
    \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
    \usepackage{lmodern} 
    \usepackage{poisson} 
    \usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{math}
    
    
    \tikzset{plaettchenvoll/.style={line width = 0.2 mm,draw,fill=gray!80,circle,minimum width = 3.25mm},
    }%\\
    \begin{document}
    	\begin{tikzpicture}
    		\xdef\mylist{\poissonpointslist{5}{5}{0.7}{3}}  % Sparse, fast
    		\draw (-0.5,-0.5)--(5.5,-0.5)--(5.5,5.5)--(-0.5,5.5)--cycle;
    		\foreach \x/\y[count=\i from 0]in \mylist {
    				\node[plaettchenvoll,fill=blue!\i] at(\x,\y) {};
    		}
    	\end{tikzpicture}
    \end{document}
    poisson.sty
    Code:
    \directlua{dofile("poisson.lua")}
    \newcommand{\poissonpointslist}[4]{
        \directlua{poisson_points_list(#1,#2,#3,#4)}
    }
    poisson.sty
    Code:
    -- This is a lua implementation of the algorithm described in
    -- http://devmag.org.za/2009/05/03/poisson-disk-sampling/
    --
    -- The structure of the algorithm is exactly the same than in 
    -- the mentioned article. Its pseudo-code snippets were translated
    -- to Lua.
    --
    -- One detail worths an explanation, though. The article uses a 2D matrix
    -- called grid to store coordinates of points. In the article, it is
    -- assumed that grid elements can be accesed via grid[point], being point
    -- some structure with a pair of x and y integers, so grid[point] should
    -- be equivalent to grid[x,y] or grid[x][y]. This grid is assumed to be
    -- initially dimensioned and filled by nils.
    --
    -- In my implementation the grid is dynamic, and it is an associative array
    -- indexed by string keys in the form grid["(x,y)"]. The function gridToString()
    -- can be used to convert a Point to its string form, so the grid is indeed
    -- accesed like this: grid[gridToString(p)] being p a Point with integer
    -- coordinates (which in fact is found via imageToGrid, like in the article)
    
    -- UTILITY FUNCTIONS (used in the article, without giving implementation)
    -- =====================================================================
    
    -- RandomQueue stores values and gives them in random order
    RandomQueue = {}
    function RandomQueue.new ()
        return {last=-1}
    end
    
    function RandomQueue.push(q, item) 
        local last = q.last + 1
        q.last = last
        q[last] = item
    end
    
    function RandomQueue.pop(q)
        if (RandomQueue.empty(q)) then 
            return nil
        end
        local index = math.random(0,q.last) 
        -- A random index is generated. The last element
        -- is swaped with this random item, and the new
        -- last item is popped.
        local last = q.last
        item = q[index]
        q[index] = q[last]
        q[last] = nil
        q.last = last -1
        return item
    end
    
    function RandomQueue.empty(q)
        return q.last==-1
    end
    
    function RandomQueue.print(q)
        -- For debugging. Not used
        local t = {}
        for i=0, q.last do
            table.insert(t, string.format("(%f,%f)", q[i].x, q[i].y))
        end
        print (string.format("RandomQueue %d elem: %s", q.last+1, table.concat(t, " ")))
    end
    
    -- Point stores a coordinate pair
    Point = {}
    
    function Point.new(x,y)
        return {x=x, y=y}
    end
    
    -- Determines if a point is inside the rendered rectangle
    function inRectangle(point, width, height)
      return (point.x>0 and point.y>0 and point.x
    
    Geändert von MC3330 (11-03-2020 um 06:47 Uhr)

  2. #2
    Registrierter Benutzer Avatar von rais
    Registriert seit
    18.07.2005
    Beiträge
    5.859
    der gezeigte lua-Code scheint unvollständig zu sein...

    VG
    Rainer
    There's nothing a good whack with a hammer won't fix!

  3. #3
    Registrierter Benutzer
    Registriert seit
    12.11.2008
    Beiträge
    219
    Du hast recht, komisch. Wenn ich es editieren will, wird der Code dort komplett angezeigt.
    Ich schreibe ihn hier nochmal ohne Codetags rein.



    -- This is a lua implementation of the algorithm described in
    -- http://devmag.org.za/2009/05/03/poisson-disk-sampling/
    --
    -- The structure of the algorithm is exactly the same than in
    -- the mentioned article. Its pseudo-code snippets were translated
    -- to Lua.
    --
    -- One detail worths an explanation, though. The article uses a 2D matrix
    -- called grid to store coordinates of points. In the article, it is
    -- assumed that grid elements can be accesed via grid[point], being point
    -- some structure with a pair of x and y integers, so grid[point] should
    -- be equivalent to grid[x,y] or grid[x][y]. This grid is assumed to be
    -- initially dimensioned and filled by nils.
    --
    -- In my implementation the grid is dynamic, and it is an associative array
    -- indexed by string keys in the form grid["(x,y)"]. The function gridToString()
    -- can be used to convert a Point to its string form, so the grid is indeed
    -- accesed like this: grid[gridToString(p)] being p a Point with integer
    -- coordinates (which in fact is found via imageToGrid, like in the article)

    -- UTILITY FUNCTIONS (used in the article, without giving implementation)
    -- ================================================== ===================

    -- RandomQueue stores values and gives them in random order
    RandomQueue = {}
    function RandomQueue.new ()
    return {last=-1}
    end

    function RandomQueue.push(q, item)
    local last = q.last + 1
    q.last = last
    q[last] = item
    end

    function RandomQueue.pop(q)
    if (RandomQueue.empty(q)) then
    return nil
    end
    local index = math.random(0,q.last)
    -- A random index is generated. The last element
    -- is swaped with this random item, and the new
    -- last item is popped.
    local last = q.last
    item = q[index]
    q[index] = q[last]
    q[last] = nil
    q.last = last -1
    return item
    end

    function RandomQueue.empty(q)
    return q.last==-1
    end

    function RandomQueue.print(q)
    -- For debugging. Not used
    local t = {}
    for i=0, q.last do
    table.insert(t, string.format("(%f,%f)", q[i].x, q[i].y))
    end
    print (string.format("RandomQueue %d elem: %s", q.last+1, table.concat(t, " ")))
    end

    -- Point stores a coordinate pair
    Point = {}

    function Point.new(x,y)
    return {x=x, y=y}
    end

    -- Determines if a point is inside the rendered rectangle
    function inRectangle(point, width, height)
    return (point.x>0 and point.y>0 and point.x end

    -- Converts a point to a string representation, to be used as index in the grid
    function gridToString(gridPoint)
    return string.format("(%d,%d)", gridPoint.x, gridPoint.y)
    end

    -- Computes the distance between two points
    function distance(p1, p2)
    return math.sqrt(math.pow(p2.x-p1.x,2) + math.pow(p2.y-p1.y,2))
    end

    -- Prints the grid. For debugging. Not used
    function printGrid(grid)
    print "==========="
    for k,v in pairs(grid) do
    print (string.format("%s: %f, %f", k, v.x, v.y))
    end
    end

    -- THE FUNCTIONS GIVEN IN THE ARTICLE
    -- This is the lua implementation of the pseudocode in the article


    function generate_poisson(width, height, min_dist, new_points_count)
    local cellSize = min_dist/math.sqrt(2)
    local grid = {} -- Point.new(math.ceil(width/cellSize), math.ceil(height/cellSize))}
    local processList = RandomQueue.new()
    local samplePoints = {}; -- Empty list

    -- Generate the first point
    local firstPoint = Point.new(math.random()*width, math.random()*height)
    -- print (string.format("newPoint: [%f, %f]", firstPoint.x, firstPoint.y))
    RandomQueue.push(processList, firstPoint)
    table.insert(samplePoints, firstPoint)
    grid[gridToString(imageToGrid(firstPoint, cellSize))] = firstPoint

    -- Generate other points from points in queue
    while (not RandomQueue.empty(processList)) do
    -- RandomQueue.print(processList)
    -- printGrid(grid)
    local point = RandomQueue.pop(processList)
    for i=0,new_points_count do
    local newPoint = generateRandomPointAround(point, min_dist)
    -- print (string.format("newPoint: [%f, %f]", newPoint.x, newPoint.y))
    -- Check the point is in the region and not too close
    -- to other points
    if inRectangle(newPoint, width, height) and
    not inNeighbourhood(grid, newPoint, min_dist, cellSize) then
    -- In this case, the point is accepted
    RandomQueue.push(processList, newPoint)
    table.insert(samplePoints, newPoint)
    grid[gridToString(imageToGrid(newPoint, cellSize))] = newPoint;
    end
    end
    end
    return samplePoints
    end

    function imageToGrid(point, cellSize)
    local gridX = math.floor(point.x/cellSize)
    local gridY = math.floor(point.y/cellSize)
    return Point.new(gridX, gridY)
    end

    function generateRandomPointAround(point, mindist)
    local r1 = math.random()
    local r2 = math.random()
    local radius = mindist * (r1+1)
    local angle = 2 * math.pi * r2
    newX = point.x + radius * math.cos(angle)
    newY = point.y + radius * math.sin(angle)
    return Point.new(newX, newY)
    end

    function inNeighbourhood(grid, point, mindist, cellSize)
    local gridPoint = imageToGrid(point, cellSize)
    cellsAroundPoint = squareAroundPoint(grid, gridPoint, 5)
    for k,cell in pairs(cellsAroundPoint) do
    if not (cell==nil) then
    local d = distance(cell, point)
    if distance(cell, point) < mindist then
    return true
    end
    end
    end
    return false
    end

    -- This one is not given in the article. It returns the
    -- values of several cells around the give gridPoint
    -- We are using string indexes for the grid, but if we
    -- try to access to a key which is not stored, lua gives
    -- nil instead of an exception, so it works as expected
    -- because we get nils for cells which have no dot inside
    function squareAroundPoint(grid, gridPoint, n)
    local extreme = math.floor(n/2)
    local result = {}
    for i=-extreme,extreme do
    for j=-extreme,extreme do
    ii = i + gridPoint.x
    jj = j + gridPoint.y
    data = grid[gridToString(Point.new(ii,jj))]
    if data == nil then
    repr = "nil"
    else
    repr = string.format("(%f,%f)", data.x, data.y)
    end
    table.insert(result, data)
    end
    end
    return result
    end


    -- Initialize random seed
    math.randomseed(os.time())

    -- Function to generate the list of dots in a tikz's foreach compatible syntax
    function poisson_points_list(width, height, mindist, add_points)
    local data = generate_poisson(width, height, mindist, add_points)
    local str = {}
    for k,v in pairs(data) do
    table.insert(str, string.format("%f/%f", v.x, v.y))
    end
    tex.print(table.concat(str, ", "))
    end

Lesezeichen

Berechtigungen

  • Neue Themen erstellen: Nein
  • Themen beantworten: Nein
  • Anhänge hochladen: Nein
  • Beiträge bearbeiten: Nein
  •