In diesem MB sind alle Varianten inklusive TabularX mit drin. Du solltest dir TabularX wirklich merken, das Paket ist super.
Den Zeilenumbruch ist in diesem Fall meinem Kenntnisstand nach mit \par am einfachsten, da dann auch wirklich der Text der ganzen Zelle zentriert bleibt.
Btw, wird das 1"st", 3"rd", 4"th" etc. nicht normalerweise hochgestellt?
Code:
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\heavyrulewidth=.04em
\begin{document}
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{table}[tbp]
Tabelle mit TabularX
\centering
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{p{2cm}*{6}{Y}} \toprule \morecmidrules \toprule
& Fall Kindergarten & Spring Kindergarten & 1st\par grade & 3rd\par grade & 5th\par grade & 8th\par grade \\ \cmidrule(r){1-7}
Reading & 35.473 & 46.523 & 77.071 & 125.695 & 148.672 & 167.237 \\
& (9.867) & (13.882)& (23.701) & (28.573)& (26.852) & (28.040) \\
Math & 26.125 & 36.172 & 61.501 & 98.770 & 122.941 & 139.280 \\
& (9.090) & (11.998) & (17.661) & (24.970) & (25.189) & (23.102) \\
\bottomrule \morecmidrules \bottomrule
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize Standard errors in parentheses, weighted using ECLS-K sampling}\\
\end{tabularx}
\caption{Descriptive Statistics for the Reading and Math IRT--scores}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[tbp]
Verbesserte Version
\centering
\begin{tabular}{p{2cm}*{6}{C{1.5cm}}} \toprule \morecmidrules \toprule
& Fall Kindergarten & Spring Kindergarten & 1st grade & 3rd grade & 5th grade & 8th grade \\ \cmidrule(r){1-7}
Reading & 35.473 & 46.523 & 77.071 & 125.695 & 148.672 & 167.237 \\
& (9.867) & (13.882)& (23.701) & (28.573)& (26.852) & (28.040) \\
Math & 26.125 & 36.172 & 61.501 & 98.770 & 122.941 & 139.280 \\
& (9.090) & (11.998) & (17.661) & (24.970) & (25.189) & (23.102) \\
\bottomrule \morecmidrules \bottomrule
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize Standard errors in parentheses, weighted using ECLS-K sampling}\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Descriptive Statistics for the Reading and Math IRT--scores}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[tbp]
Original
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l*{6}{c}} \toprule \morecmidrules \toprule
\multicolumn{1}{C{2cm}}{} &\multicolumn{1}{C{1.5cm}}{Fall Kindergarten} & \multicolumn{1}{C{1.5cm}}{Spring Kindergarten} & \multicolumn{1}{C{1.5cm}}{1st grade} & \multicolumn{1}{C{1.5cm}}{3rd grade} & \multicolumn{1}{C{1.5cm}}{5th grade} & \multicolumn{1}{C{1.5cm}}{8th grade} \\ \cmidrule(r){1-7}
Reading & 35.473 & 46.523 & 77.071 & 125.695 & 148.672 & 167.237 \\
& (9.867) & (13.882)& (23.701) & (28.573)& (26.852) & (28.040) \\
Math & 26.125 & 36.172 & 61.501 & 98.770 & 122.941 & 139.280 \\
& (9.090) & (11.998) & (17.661) & (24.970) & (25.189) & (23.102) \\
\bottomrule \morecmidrules \bottomrule
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\footnotesize Standard errors in parentheses, weighted using ECLS-K sampling}\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Descriptive Statistics for the Reading and Math IRT--scores}
\end{table}
\end{document}
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