Code:
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\usepackage{setspace}
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\usepackage{fancyref}
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\usepackage{mdwlist}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage[ansinew]{inputenc} %für Umlaute
\usepackage{textcomp} %Sonderzeichen
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{babelbib}
\usepackage{apacite}
\usepackage[nonumberlist,acronym,section]{glossaries}
\begin {document}
\chapter{Chapter 1}
Thus, one can assume that attentional processes indeed account for the RT differences for visual and auditory stimuli as well as for the asymmetric modality-congruency effects found in Experiments~1 and 2. The present data are consistent with the data found by for example, \citeA{cohen_modality_1992} or \citeauthor{sutton_effect_1961-1} (\citeyearNP{sutton_effect_1961-1}; cf. also, \citeNP{gondan_redundant_2004,sutton_effect_1965}). They found that RTs to auditory stimuli are shorter than RTs to visual stimuli in a unimodal design \citeA{murray_rapid_2006}. In a study of \citeA{notebaert_irrelevant_2003}, in contrast, it was shown that...
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Und hier die Bibliothek dazu:
Code:
@incollection{cohen_modality_1992,
address = {New York},
title = {The modality shift effect. Further explorations at the crossroads.},
booktitle = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Psychophysiology and experimental psychopathology: A tribute to Samuel Sutton, Vol. 658},
publisher = {New York Academy of Sciences},
author = {Rudolf Cohen and Fred Rist},
editor = {D. Friedmann and G. E Bruder},
year = {1992},
pages = {163--181}
},
@incollection{sutton_effect_1965,
address = {Springfield, Ill.},
title = {Effect of sequence on reaction time in schizophrenia},
booktitle = {Behavior, aging, and the nervous system},
publisher = {Charles C. Thomas},
author = {Samuel Sutton and Joseph Zubin},
editor = {A. T Welford and J. E Birren},
year = {1965},
pages = {562--579}
},
@article{sutton_effect_1961-1,
title = {The effect of shift of sensory modality on serial reaction-time: A comparison of schizophrenics and normals},
number = {74},
journal = {The American Journal of Psychology},
author = {Samuel Sutton and Gad Hakerem and Joseph Zubin},
year = {1961},
pages = {224--232}
},
@article{gondan_redundant_2004,
title = {The redundant target effect is affected by modality switch costs},
volume = {11},
url = {http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/11/2/307.abstract},
abstract = {When participants have to respond to stimuli of two modalities, faster reaction times are observed for simultaneous, bimodal events than for unimodal events (the redundant target effect {[RTE]).} This finding has been interpreted as reflecting processing gains for bimodal relative to unimodal stimuli, possibly due to multisensory interactions. In random stimulus sequences, reaction times are slower when the stimulus is preceded by a stimulus of a different modality (modality switch effect {[MSE]).} Simple reaction time redundant target experiments with auditory-visual, visual-tactile, and auditory-tactile stimulus combinations were run to determine whether the {RTE} may be partly explained by {MSEs} because bimodal stimuli do not require a modality switch. In all three modality pairings, significant {MSEs} and {RTEs} were observed. However, the {RTE} was still significant after reaction times were corrected for the {MSE,} supporting the hypothesis that coactivation occurs independently of modality switch costs.},
number = {2},
journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin and Review},
author = {Matthias Gondan and Kathrin Lange and Frank Rösler and Brigitte Röder},
month = apr,
year = {2004},
pages = {307--313}
},
@article{murray_rapid_2006,
title = {Rapid Brain Discrimination of Sounds of Objects},
volume = {26},
url = {http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/4/1293},
doi = {{10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4511-05.2006}},
abstract = {Electrical neuroimaging in humans identified the speed and spatiotemporal brain mechanism whereby sounds of living and man-made objects are discriminated. Subjects performed an "oddball" target detection task, selectively responding to sounds of either living or man-made objects on alternating blocks, which were controlled for in their spectrogram and harmonics-to-noise ratios between categories. Analyses were conducted on 64-channel auditory evoked potentials {(AEPs)} from nontarget trials. Comparing responses to sounds of living versus man-made objects, these analyses tested for modulations in local {AEP} waveforms, global response strength, and the topography of the electric field at the scalp. In addition, the local autoregressive average distributed linear inverse solution was applied to periods of observed modulations. Just 70 ms after stimulus onset, a common network of brain regions within the auditory "what" processing stream responded more strongly to sounds of man-made versus living objects, with differential activity within the right temporal and left inferior frontal cortices. Over the 155-257 ms period, the duration of activity of a brain network, including bilateral temporal and premotor cortices, differed between categories of sounds. Responses to sounds of living objects peaked [{\textasciitilde}]12 ms later and the activity of the brain network active over this period was prolonged relative to that in response to sounds of man-made objects. The earliest task-related effects were observed at [{\textasciitilde}]100 ms poststimulus onset, placing an upper limit on the speed of cortical auditory object discrimination. These results provide critical temporal constraints on human auditory object recognition and semantic discrimination processes.
},
number = {4},
journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience},
author = {Micah M. Murray and Christian Camen and Sara L. Gonzalez Andino and Pierre Bovet and Stephanie Clarke},
year = {2006},
keywords = {{Auditory,Auditory} Evoked {Potential,Electrical} {neuroimaging,ERP,Object} {recognition,What} and where pathways},
pages = {1293--1302}
},
@article{notebaert_irrelevant_2003,
title = {Irrelevant auditory attention shifts prime corresponding responses},
volume = {67},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00426-002-0126-1},
doi = {10.1007/s00426-002-0126-1},
abstract = {Abstract.
In this paper we investigate whether an attention shift towards an auditory signal, while performing a two-choice serial reaction
time task, primes responses in the direction of the auditory signal. In Experiment 1, subjects had to react to the pitch of
the signal, which was randomly presented to the left or right ear. A short (50-ms) and a long (1000-ms) response-stimulus
interval {(RSI)} was used. In Experiment 2 with an {RSI} of 2000 ms, subjects had to respond to the color of a centrally presented
visual stimulus, while a sound was presented to one of the ears. In the short {RSI} condition of Experiment 1, there was a Simon
effect for location alternations only. In the long {RSI} condition, there was a Simon effect for location repetitions and alternations.
Experiment 2 showed a Simon effect in relation to the accessory sound. The results of this study suggest that an attention
shift is a sufficient and necessary condition in order to observe a Simon effect.
},
number = {4},
journal = {Psychological Research},
author = {Wim Notebaert and Eric Soetens},
month = nov,
year = {2003},
pages = {253--260}
},
Habe gerade gesehen, dass der DOI doch nicht mit ausgegeben wird. Aber die URL. Außerdem sollten bei Zeitschriftenartikel nur das Volume und nicht zusätzlich die Number mit angegeben werden.
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